Advanced Sentences

🎭 Advanced Hindi Sentences: Building Bridges with Words

Imagine you’re a master architect building beautiful bridges. Each bridge connects islands of thoughts. Advanced sentences are like those bridges—they connect ideas, tell stories, and share what others said. Let’s become bridge builders together!

🌉 The Big Picture

Think of a simple sentence like a small wooden bridge—it gets you across, but it’s basic. Advanced sentences are like magnificent suspension bridges with multiple lanes, connecting many islands at once!

What we’ll learn:

• 🏗️ Complex sentences (multi-lane bridges)
• 🔗 Relative clauses (adding descriptions mid-bridge)
• 👯 Relative-correlative pairs (twin bridges)
• 🗣️ Reported speech (telling what others said)
• 🎯 Topic & focus markers (highlighting what’s important)
• 💬 Discourse markers (traffic signals for conversation)

🏗️ Complex Sentences (जटिल वाक्य)

What Are They?

A complex sentence is like a train with multiple carriages—one main engine (main clause) pulling extra carriages (subordinate clauses).

The Magic Words

Examples

Time Connection:

जब बारिश होती है, तब मैं चाय पीता हूँ।
jab bārish hotī hai, tab main chāy pītā hūn.
"When it rains, then I drink tea."

Condition:

अगर तुम आओगे, तो हम खेलेंगे।
agar tum āoge, to ham khelenge.
"If you come, then we will play."

Reason:

मैं घर रहा क्योंकि मैं बीमार था।
main ghar rahā kyonki main bīmār thā.
"I stayed home because I was sick."

Purpose:

मैं पढ़ता हूँ ताकि पास हो जाऊँ।
main paṛhtā hūn tāki pās ho jāūn.
"I study so that I pass."

🔗 Relative Clauses (संबंधवाचक उपवाक्य)

The “Which/Who” Magic

Relative clauses are like sticky notes you add to nouns—they give extra information right in the middle of a sentence!

The Key Word: जो (jo)

जो means “who/which/that” and starts the relative clause.

Pattern

[noun] + जो + [description] + वह/वे...

Examples

Describing a Person:

लड़का जो वहाँ खड़ा है, वह मेरा भाई है।
laṛkā jo vahān khaṛā hai, vah merā bhāī hai.
"The boy who is standing there, he is my brother."

Describing a Thing:

किताब जो मेज़ पर है, वह मेरी है।
kitāb jo mez par hai, vah merī hai.
"The book which is on the table, it is mine."

🎨 Visualization

graph TD
    A["Main Idea"] --> B["जो - who/which"]
    B --> C["Description"]
    C --> D["वह - that one"]
    D --> E["Complete Thought"]

👯 Relative-Correlative Pairs (सहसंबंधी जोड़े)

Twin Bridges!

Hindi loves pairs! These are like matching bookends—one word starts a thought, another completes it.

The Famous Pairs

Examples

जो…वह (Who…that one):

जो मेहनत करता है, वह सफल होता है।
jo mehnat kartā hai, vah safal hotā hai.
"Who works hard, that one succeeds."

जैसा…वैसा (As…so):

जैसा बोओगे, वैसा काटोगे।
jaisā bōoge, vaisā kāṭoge.
"As you sow, so shall you reap."

जितना…उतना (As much…that much):

जितना पढ़ोगे, उतना सीखोगे।
jitnā paṛhoge, utnā sīkhoge.
"As much as you read, that much you'll learn."

जहाँ…वहाँ (Where…there):

जहाँ चाह, वहाँ राह।
jahān chāh, vahān rāh.
"Where there's a will, there's a way."

🗣️ Reported Speech (परोक्ष कथन)

Becoming a Storyteller

Reported speech is when you tell others what someone said—like being a news reporter!

Direct vs. Indirect

The Magic Word: कि (ki)

कि (that) is the bridge between “someone said” and “what they said.”

Transformation Rules

1. “मैं” becomes “वह/वे” (I becomes he/she/they)
2. “तुम” might become “उसने” (you becomes he/she)
3. Verb tense may shift

Examples

Direct Speech:

सीता ने कहा, "मैं कल आऊँगी।"
Sītā ne kahā, "main kal āūngī."
"Sita said, 'I will come tomorrow.'"

Indirect Speech:

सीता ने कहा कि वह कल आएगी।
Sītā ne kahā ki vah kal āegī.
"Sita said that she would come tomorrow."

Another Example:

Direct:

माँ ने कहा, "खाना खाओ।"
mān ne kahā, "khānā khāo."
"Mother said, 'Eat food.'"

Indirect:

माँ ने कहा कि खाना खाओ।
mān ne kahā ki khānā khāo.
"Mother said to eat food."

🎯 Topic and Focus Markers (विषय और केंद्र चिह्न)

Shining a Spotlight

These are like highlighters—they show what’s most important in your sentence!

Topic Markers

Focus Markers

Examples with Context

तो (Topic Marker):

पैसे तो मेरे पास हैं।
paise to mere pās hain.
"As for money, I have it." (implying other things may be missing)

ही (Exclusive Focus):

यह काम तुम ही कर सकते हो।
yah kām tum hī kar sakte ho.
"Only you can do this work."

भी (Inclusive Focus):

राम भी आया और श्याम भी।
Rām bhī āyā aur Shyām bhī.
"Ram also came and Shyam also."

💬 Discourse Markers (वार्तालाप चिह्न)

Traffic Signals for Talk

Discourse markers are like traffic signals—they guide the flow of conversation!

Common Markers

Examples in Conversation

Starting a topic:

अच्छा, सुनो...
acchā, suno...
"Okay, listen..."

Adding contrast:

वह अमीर है, लेकिन खुश नहीं।
vah amīr hai, lekin khush nahīn.
"He is rich, but not happy."

Giving a result:

बारिश हुई, इसलिए मैच रद्द हुआ।
bārish huī, islie match radd huā.
"It rained, therefore the match was cancelled."

Adding a warning:

जल्दी करो, वरना लेट हो जाओगे।
jaldī karo, varnā late ho jāoge.
"Hurry up, otherwise you'll be late."

Clarifying:

वह डॉक्टर है, यानी बीमारियाँ ठीक करता है।
vah doctor hai, yānī bīmāriyān ṭhīk kartā hai.
"He is a doctor, that is, he cures illnesses."

🎓 Putting It All Together

A Complex Paragraph

जब मैं बाज़ार गया, तब मैंने एक दुकानदार से पूछा।
जो आदमी वहाँ था, वह बहुत मिलनसार था।
उसने कहा कि सामान सस्ता है।
पैसे तो मेरे पास थे, लेकिन समय नहीं था।
इसलिए मैं जल्दी से खरीदारी करके घर आ गया।

Translation: “When I went to the market, then I asked a shopkeeper. The man who was there, he was very friendly. He said that the goods are cheap. As for money, I had it, but I didn’t have time. Therefore, I quickly did my shopping and came home.”

🌟 Quick Memory Tips

graph TD
    A["Advanced Sentences"] --> B["Complex: जब...तब"]
    A --> C["Relative: जो...वह"]
    A --> D["Pairs: जैसा...वैसा"]
    A --> E["Reported: कहा कि"]
    A --> F["Focus: ही, भी, तो"]
    A --> G["Discourse: अच्छा, लेकिन"]

🎯 Remember These Golden Rules:

1. Complex sentences = Main idea + connecting word + related idea
2. Relative clauses = जो introduces, वह concludes
3. Pairs always match = जो-वह, जैसा-वैसा, जितना-उतना
4. Reported speech = कहा कि + changed pronouns
5. Focus markers = ही (only), भी (also), तो (as for)
6. Discourse markers = Guide conversation flow

You’ve just built some magnificent sentence bridges! Practice connecting ideas, and soon you’ll be creating beautiful Hindi paragraphs that flow like rivers. 🌊